Caracterización de la producción de semillas de arroces regionales en la subregión de la Mojana.

Rice cultivation is part of the economy of the Mojana subregion, the seed is a basic input, produced by farmers who have conserved the genetic material year after year. The literature does not report a production characterization study, for this reason this research aimed to characterize the seed production of regional rice materials in this region. With data from a formal structured survey applied to 95 farmers selected by simple random sampling. Techniques such as frequencies, contingency tables, and basic statistics were used. In addition, the formulation of an econometric model to estimate the seed supply and demand functions. The results show that these are small producers who, on average, sow 1 hectare, with a low level of education, 71% of the surveyed sample has attended elementary school. The average age of the farmers is 52 years. 57% of the surveyed farmers obtain the seed of the previous harvest. It was found that more than 90% of those surveyed are likely to increase the cultivated area and it is estimated that this could grow by 60 hectares. It is concluded that the demand for seed may increase because 66% of the sample sows twice a year, which allows us to infer that seed is required throughout the year and the months where it is most sown are December, January, February. and March took advantage of the dry season with the so-called serene crops.El cultivo del arroz forma parte de la economía de la subregión de la Mojana, la semilla es un insumo básico, que la producen los agricultores quienes han conservado el material genético año tras año. La literatura no reporta un estudio de caracterización de la producción, por esta razón esta investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la producción de semilla de materiales regionales de arroz en esta región. Con datos de una encuesta formal estructurada aplicada a 95 agricultores seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Se usaron técnicas como frecuencias, tablas de contingencia, y estadísticas básicas. Además, la formulación de un modelo econométrico para estimar las funciones de oferta y demanda de semilla. Los resultados muestran que se trata de pequeños productores que en promedio siembran 1 hectárea, con nivel de escolaridad bajo, el 71% de la muestra encuestada ha cursado primaria. La edad promedio de los agricultores es de 52 años. Un 57% de los agricultores encuestados obtienen la semilla de la cosecha anterior. Se encontró que más de un 90% de los encuestados tienen probabilidad de aumentar el área cultivada y se calcula que esta podría crecer en 60 hectáreas. Se concluye que la demanda de semilla puede aumentar por el hecho que un 66% de la muestra siembra dos veces al año, lo cual permite inferir que en todo el año se requiere semilla y los meses donde más se siembra son diciembre, enero, febrero y marzo aprovechado la época seca con los llamados cultivos de sereno

Effect of ABCB1 and ABCC3 Polymorphisms on Osteosarcoma Survival after Chemotherapy: A Pharmacogenetic Study

Background: Standard treatment for osteosarcoma patients consists of a combination of cisplatin, adriamycin, and methotrexate before surgical resection of the primary tumour, followed by postoperative chemotherapy including vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, many patients still relapse or suffer adverse events. We examined whether common germline polymorphisms in chemotherapeutic transporter and metabolic pathway genes of the drugs used in standard osteosarcoma treatment may predict treatment response. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study we screened 102 osteosarcoma patients for 346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in 24 genes involved in the metabolism or transport of cisplatin, adriamycin, methotrexate, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. We studied the association of the genotypes with tumour response and overall survival. We found that four SNPs in two ATP-binding cassette genes were significantly associated with overall survival: rs4148416 in ABCC3 (per-allele HR = 8.14, 95%CI = 2.73-20.2, p-value = 5.1×10 -5), and three SNPs in ABCB1, rs4148737 (per-allele HR = 3.66, 95%CI = 1.85-6.11, p-value = 6.9×10 -5), rs1128503 and rs10276036 (r 2 = 1, per-allele HR = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.11-0.47 p-value = 7.9×10 -5). Associations with these SNPs remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (all corrected p-values [permutation test] ≤0.03). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms may affect osteosarcoma treatment efficacy. If these associations are independently validated, these variants could be used as genetic predictors of clinical outcome in the treatment of osteosarcoma, helping in the design of individualized therapyThis work was supported by the AECC (Asociación Española contra el Cáncer), FIS (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and the ‘‘Inocente Inocente’’ Foundatio

C-2 Thiophenyl Tryptophan Trimers Inhibit Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 through Interaction with the Viral Spike (S) Protein

26 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, by infecting cells via the interaction of its spike protein (S) with the primary cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). To search for inhibitors of this key step in viral infection, we screened an in-house library of multivalent tryptophan derivatives. Using VSV-S pseudoparticles, we identified compound 2 as a potent entry inhibitor lacking cellular toxicity. Chemical optimization of 2 rendered compounds 63 and 65, which also potently inhibited genuine SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Thermofluor and microscale thermophoresis studies revealed their binding to S and to its isolated receptor binding domain (RBD), interfering with the interaction with ACE2. High-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of S, free or bound to 2, shed light on cell entry inhibition mechanisms by these compounds. Overall, this work identifies and characterizes a new class of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors with clear potential for preventing and/or fighting COVID-19.Funding for this project was provided by grants from the European Commission NextGenerationEU fund (EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global), Crue-CSIC-Santander Fondo Supera Covid-19, and CSIC grant (CSIC-COV19-082) to R.G., M.-J-P.-P., V.R., J.B., A.M., and J.-L.L. and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20/00437) to V.R., J.B., A.M., and J.-L.L. In addition, this work was funded by grant (Covid_19-SCI) from the Generalitat Valenciana y Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad digital to R.G., and by grants PID2020-120322RB-C21 and PID2020-116880GB-I00 from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Spanish Government to V.R. and J.-L.L., respectively.Peer reviewe

From polymer blends to a block copolymer:Ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide/ε-caprolactone eutectic system

In this work, we provide new insights into the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of eutectic mixtures of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone that lead to the synthesis of polymer blends and a block copolymer. The influence of a set of parameters is studied to produce polyesters with tunable average-molecular weight, crystallinity, and polymer architectures with controlled degradation profiles. The outcome depends on the selection of organocatalysts, including 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), a new catalyst for the L-lactide/ε-caprolactone eutectic mixture ROP that enabled increasing the polymerization temperature. The mild polymerization temperatures and solventless conditions stand as green features of the ROP here described to prepare resorbable biomaterials with programmable degradation profiles

From polymer blends to a block copolymer: Ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide/ε-caprolactone eutectic system

In this work, we provide new insights into the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of eutectic mixtures of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone that lead to the synthesis of polymer blends and a block copolymer. The influence of a set of parameters is studied to produce polyesters with tunable average-molecular weight, crystallinity, and polymer architectures with controlled degradation profiles. The outcome depends on the selection of organocatalysts, including 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), a new catalyst for the L-lactide/ε-caprolactone eutectic mixture ROP that enabled increasing the polymerization temperature. The mild polymerization temperatures and solventless conditions stand as green features of the ROP here described to prepare resorbable biomaterials with programmable degradation profiles

Clinical characteristics of osteosarcoma patients (<i>N</i> = 102).

<p>Clinical characteristics of osteosarcoma patients (<i>N</i> = 102).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves for osteosarcoma patients according to genotype for (A) rs4148416 in <i>ABCC3</i> (X² = 21.4, <i>p-value</i> = 3.8×10⁻⁶); (B) rs4148737 in <i>ABCB1</i> (X² = 18.4, <i>p-value</i> = 1.0×10⁻⁴); and (C) rs1128503 or rs10276036 in <i>ABCB1</i> (X² = 20.9, <i>p-value</i> = 2.9×10⁻⁵<i>).</i>

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curves for osteosarcoma patients according to genotype for (A) rs4148416 in <i>ABCC3</i> (X² = 21.4, <i>p-value</i> = 3.8×10⁻⁶); (B) rs4148737 in <i>ABCB1</i> (X² = 18.4, <i>p-value</i> = 1.0×10⁻⁴); and (C) rs1128503 or rs10276036 in <i>ABCB1</i> (X² = 20.9, <i>p-value</i> = 2.9×10⁻⁵<i>).</i></p